Examples and tutorials

Physics

• The « clustering » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to identify ionisation clusters.

• The « dnaphysics » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to combine Geant4-DNA physics processes and models with Geant4 electromagnetic physics processes and models in specified regions of the geometrical setup using the G4EmDNAPhysicsActivator class. Alternatively, it shows how to use the Geant4-DNA physics constructors. It also explains how to extract physical information at the step level, such as process type, position, energy deposited, scattering angle... and how to use the variable density material feature for liquid water.

• The « icsd » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to use cross section models for DNA-related materials.

• The « jetcounter » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate a gas dosimeter.

• The « microdosimetry » extended/medical/dna example shows how to combine « by hand » Geant4 standard electromagnetic physics processes and models with Geant4-DNA physics processes and models in two regions filled with liquid water, illustrating the combination of condensed history and discrete processes at different scales.

• The « mfp » extended/medical/dna example explains how to extract mean free paths.

• The « microprox » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate microdosimetry proximity functions.

• The « microyz » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate microdosimetry quantities (y, z, ...).

• The « range » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate ranges.

• The « slowing » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate slowing down spectra.

• The « splitting » extended/medical/dna example explains how to accelerate simulation through splitting in ionisation.

• The « spower » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate stopping powers.

• The « svalue » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate "S-values" in spherical targets of liquid water.

• The « wvalue » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate "W-values" in liquid water.

• The « AuNP » extended/medical/dna example explains how to simulate track structures of electrons in a microscopic gold volume immersed in liquid water.

• The « TestEm5 » extended/electromagnetic example explains how to extract atomic deexcitation information (using the dna.mac macro file).

• The « TestEm12 » extended/electromagnetic example explains how to extract radial dose distributions in spherical shells of liquid water (such as dose point kernels, using the dna.mac macro file).

Chemistry

• The « chem1 » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to activate the simulation of water radiolysis (step-by-step method).

• The « chem2 » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to set minimum time step limits on water radiolysis (step-by-step method).

• The « chem3 » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to implement user actions in the chemistry module (step-by-step method).

• The « chem4 » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to compute radiochemical yields ("G") versus time, including a dedicated ROOT graphical interface (step-by-step method).

• The « chem5 » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to compute radiochemical yields ("G") versus time, using alternative physics and chemistry lists (step-by-step method).

• The « chem6 » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to compute radiochemical yields ("G") versus time and LET using IRT method.

• The « scavenger » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to simulate scavenging using an easy-to-use interface and the IRT method.

• The « UHDR » extended/medical/dna example illustrates how to activate the chemistry mesoscopic model in combination with the step-by-step model, and allows to simulate chemical reactions beyond 1 us post-irradiation.

Geometry

• The Geant4 « microbeam » advanced example explains how to define a realistic cellular phantom based on confocal microscopy imaging for the simulation of cellular irradiation in single ion mode, based on the LP2iB-CENBG microbeam irradiation facility.

• The Geant4 « neuron » extended/medical/dna example shows how to simulate a neural network including physics and radiolysis.

• The Geant4 « pdb4dna » extended/medical/dna example shows how to model molecular geometries from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) and record energy deposition events in biological volumes of interest. It is further described at a dedicated web site: http://pdb4dna.in2p3.fr.

• The Geant4 « wholeNuclearDNA » extended/medical/dna example shows how to model a simplified cellular nucleus containing a geometrical model for the DNA molecule.

• A short guide on how DNA geometries may be modelled in Geant4 is available here, written by Nathanael Lampe.

Biological damage

• The Geant4 « dnadamage1 » extended/medical/dna example shows how to simulate early DNA damage (direct + indirect) in a cubic voxel of 40 nm side containing a piece of heterochromatin generated with the DNAFabric software (link).

• The Geant4 « dnadamage2 » extended/medical/dna example provides scoring of plasmid DNA strand breaks using the IRT method. It extends the chem6 example by adding DNA molecule information and the scoring of Strand Breaks. Experimental conditions are considered; such as oxygen and DMSO molar concentrations.

• The Geant4 « dsbandrepair » advanced example shows how to simulate early direct and indirect DNA damage in various geometries of biological targets.

• The Geant4 « moleculardna » extended/medical/dna example shows how to simulate early direct and indirect DNA damage in various geometries (including E. coli bacterium and fibroblast human cell).

It is further described at a dedicated web site:
https://geant4-dna.github.io/molecular-docs/.

Tutorials

We regularly present Geant4-DNA developments during official Geant4 tutorials or Geant4-DNA specific tutorials

• 2024 : Osaka U., Japan - March 25-26
• 2024 : Accra, Ghana - March 18-22
• 2024 : CNAO, Pavia, Italy - January 18-19
• 2019 : Wollongong U., Australia - December 2-5
• 2019 : Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia - July 3-5 - invitation
• 2019 : UNICAMP, Brazil - February 18-19
• 2018 : KIRAMS, Seoul, Korea - July 9-13
• 2018 : Porto Conte, Alghero, Italy - May 27 - June 1
• 2018 : Center for Nuclear Physics, Institute of Physics, Hanoi, Vietnam - January 11-13
• 2017 : Catania, Italy - October 26-27
• 2017 : Kobe U., Japan - October 4-10
• 2017 : Seoul, Republic of Korea - July 24-28
• 2016 : Belgrade, Serbia - October 28
• 2015 : Hiroshima, Japan - August 23-24
• 2014 : European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, November 7
• 2013 : Bordeaux, France - October 10-11
• 2013 : Wollongong University, Australia - April 19-24
• 2012 : Jefferson Lab, VA, USA - July 9-13
• 2011 : Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany - October 25-26
• 2011 : Texas A&M, TX, USA - January 10-14

Left to right: ESA/ESTEC (2014), Hiroshima (2015), Belgrade (2016), Hanoi (2018)

You may also follow on X @ geant4_dna.